Subclinical neural hearing alterations in school children with type 1 diabetes mellitus / Alteraciones neuroauditivas subclínicas en escolares con diabetes mellitus tipo 1

Background and objectives Evidence has shown a cause-and-effect relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and auditory and cognitive dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on central auditory and cognitive functions in school-age children and adolescents. Methods The study sample consisted of 101 children and adolescents, 50 with T1DM, of both sexes, aged between 7 and 18 years. All participants were selected for a structured interview on hearing, behavioral, and cognitive health and assessment of brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) and event-related potentials (P300). Results Significant differences were observed in memory (p=0.002) and attention (p=0.021) complaints between participants with and without T1DM. In the BAEP responses, there were differences between wave III latencies in the right (p=0.017) and left (p=0.019) ears and in wave V latencies in the left ear (p=0.001) between the evaluated groups. In addition, there was an association between BAEP findings and metabolic control in the T1DM group in the left ear in waves III (p=0.006) and V (p=0.005) and in the right ear in wave V (p=0.026). No differences were observed in the latencies of P300 between the evaluated groups. Conclusion This study demonstrated the existence of a subclinical finding in the central auditory pathway, offering an increased risk for retrocollear alterations, which may be a consequence of poor metabolic control. (AU)

Justificación y objetivos La evidencia ha demostrado una relación de causa y efecto entre la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y las disfunciones auditivas y cognitivas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar el efecto de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) en las funciones cognitivas y auditivas centrales en niños y adolescentes en edad escolar. Métodos La muestra del estudio estuvo constituida por 101 niños y adolescentes, 50 con DM1, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 7 y 18 años. Todos los participantes fueron seleccionados para una entrevista estructurada sobre la salud auditiva, conductual y cognitiva y la evaluación de los potenciales evocados auditivos del tronco encefálico (BAEP) y los potenciales relacionados con eventos (P300). Resultados Se observaron diferencias significativas en quejas de memoria (p=0,002) y atención (p=0,021) entre participantes con y sin DM1. En las respuestas BAEP, hubo diferencias entre las latencias de la onda III en el oído derecho (p=0,017) e izquierdo (p=0,019) y en las latencias de la onda V en el oído izquierdo (p=0,001) entre los grupos evaluados. Además, hubo asociación entre los hallazgos de PEATC y el control metabólico en el grupo de DM1 en el oído izquierdo en las ondas III (p=0,006) y V (p=0,005) y en el oído derecho en la onda V (p=0,026). No se observaron diferencias en las latencias de P300 entre los grupos evaluados. Conclusión Este estudio demostró la existencia de un hallazgo subclínico en la vía auditiva central, ofreciendo un mayor riesgo de alteraciones retrocollar, lo que puede ser consecuencia de un mal control metabólico. (AU)

Sensorineural hearing loss in children with sickle cell anemia and its association with endothelial dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA) and its association with endothelial dysfunction (ED). METHODS: Fifty-two participants with stable SCA and 44 apparently healthy (AA genotype) participants aged 6-18 years were evaluated for pure tone audiometry and endothelial function using ultrasonographic imaging of the brachial artery to assess flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Laboratory analysis of the lipid profile and C-reactive protein levels was performed. RESULTS: In the SCA group, 15 (28.8%) patients presented with SNHL. The FMD values were reduced in the SCA with SNHL group compared with the SCA without SNHL and healthy groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that FMD was associated with SNHL independent of the lipid profile and SCA characteristics (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] = 0.614 [0.440-0.858]; p = 0.004). DISCUSSION: SNHL is a common complication in SCA; furthermore, this study identified a significant association between ED and SNHL. Damage to the vascular endothelium because of inflammation in SCA reduced blood flow in the inner ear. Thus, this circulatory disorder culminates in vaso-occlusive process and induces auditory disorders, such as SNHL.

Monitoramento Audiológico em Bebês com Indicadores de Risco para Deficiência Auditiva / Audiological Monitoring of Infants with Risk Indicators for Hearing Loss / Monitoreo de la Audición en los Bebés con Índice de Riesgo para la Pérdida Auditiva

Objetivo: Descrever os resultados de um programa de monitoramento audiológico em lactentes com indicadores de risco para deficiência auditiva e identificar o perfil das mães dos bebês que participaram do programa. Método: Estudo descritivo e transversal. Foram coletados 56 prontuários de lactentes entre 6 e 18 meses, resultado "passa" na Triagem Auditiva Neonatal e presença de indicadores de risco. Os pais/responsáveis responderam dois questionários sobre o perfil sociodemográfico materno e o desenvolvimento motor, auditivo e da linguagem do lactente, e foram realizados os procedimentos: Audiometria de Observação Comportamental, Audiometria com Reforço Visual e pesquisa do Reflexo Cócleo-palpebral. Resultados: Dos 56 lactentes selecionados, 22 (39,28%) compareceram ao monitoramento, com média de 11,6 meses, predominância do sexo masculino e etnia parda. Indicadores de risco mais frequentes: medicamento ototóxico, permanência em unidade de terapia intensiva maior que cinco dias, hiperbilirrubinemia e anóxia perinatal grave. Todos os bebês avaliados apresentaram respostas adequadas na Audiometria de Observação Comportamental e presença do Reflexo Cócleo-palpebral, e 19 (86,36%) resultados adequados na Audiometria com Reforço Visual. Das 22 mães, todas tiveram filhos em maternidade pública e 18 (81,8%) não foram orientadas sobre o monitoramento audiológico antes da participação neste estudo. Conclusão: Predomínio de normalidade no desenvolvimento auditivo dos lactentes avaliados, perfil de mães predominantemente jovens e donas do lar, e alta taxa de evasão, indicando a necessidade de ações que promovam informações sobre a importância do acompanhamento do desenvolvimento auditivo e estratégias que facilitem o acesso e a adesão ao monitoramento audiológico.

Objective: To describe the results of an audiological monitoring program for infants with risk indicators for hearing loss and identify the profile of mothers of infants who participated in the program. Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. Fifty-six records were collected of infants between 6 and 18 months with "pass" result in Newborn Hearing Screening and presence of risk factors for hearing loss. Parents/guardians answered two questionnaires: concerning the sociodemographic profile of mother; and infant's motor, hearing and language development; and the following audiological monitoring procedures were performed: Behavioral Observation Audiometry, Visual Reinforcement Audiometry and Cochlear-eyelid Reflex research. Results: Of the 56 selected infants, only 22 (39.28%) participated in the audiological monitoring; with a mean age of 11.6 months, predominantly male, mixed ethnicity and more frequent risk indicators: ototoxic medication, permanence in intensive care unit for more than five days, hyperbilirubinemia and severe perinatal anoxia. All of the infants evaluated had adequate responses in the Behavioral Observation Audiometry and Cochlear-eyelid Reflex research; 19 (86.36%) infants had adequate results in the Visual Reinforcement Audiometry. Of the 22 mothers, all had their children in public hospital and 18 (81.8%) received no guidance on audiological monitoring before participating in this study. Conclusion: There was normal predominance in the auditory development of the infants assessed, predominance of young and housewife mothers, and high dropout rate, indicating a need for actions to promote information about the importance of monitoring the auditory development and strategies that facilitate access and adhesion to audiological monitoring. Keywords: Hearing; Hearing Tests; Risk Index; Infant; Hearing Loss.

Objetivo: Describir los resultados de un programa de monitoreo de la audición para niños con índice de riesgo para la pérdida auditiva e identificar el perfil de las madres de los bebes que participaron en el programa. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Recogieron 56 registros de niños entre 6 y 18 meses, resultado "pasa" en el Triage Auditivo del Recién Nacido e índice de riesgo. Los padres/ tutores respondieron cuestionarios sobre el perfil sociodemográfico de la madre y el desarrollo motor, de la audición y del lenguaje infantil. Realizados los procedimientos: Audiometría de la Observación Conductual, Audiometría de Refuerzo Visual e investigación de Reflexión Chocleo-párpado. Resultados: Solo 22 (39,28%) niños participaron del monitoreo, con media de 11,6 meses, hubo predominio masculino y origen étnico mixto. Índices de riesgo más frecuentes: medicamentos ototóxicos, permanencia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos, hiperbilirrubinemia y anoxia perinatal severa. Todos los niños lograron respuestas adecuadas en la Audiometría de la Observación Conductual y en el Reflexión Chocleopárpado, y 19 (86,36%) resultados adecuados en el Audiometría de Refuerzo Visual. Todas las madres tenían a sus hijos en el hospital público y 18 (81,8%) no fueron orientadas acerca del monitoreo antes de la participación en este estudio. Conclusión: Predominio normal en el desarrollo auditivo de los niños, predominio de las madres jóvenes y amas de casa y alta tasa de deserción, lo que indica la necesidad de acciones para promocionar informaciones sobre la importancia y estrategias que faciliten el acceso y la adhesión a el monitoreo.